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Format

Creator

Year Created

First known work

Negative gauge

Negative aspect ratio[1]

Gate dimensions

Negative pulldown

Negative lenses

Projection gauge

Projection aspect ratio[1]

Projection dimensions

Projection lenses

Chronophotographe

Etienne-Jules Marey

1888

 

90 mm

much less than 1.00

 

unperforated

spherical

 

 

 

 

Paperfilm

Louis Le Prince

1888

Roundhay Garden Scene

54 mm

 

 

unperforated

spherical

54 mm

 

 

spherical

Theatre Optique

Emile Reynaud

1888

Pauvre Pierrot

 

 

 

perforated

spherical

 

 

 

spherical

Chronophotographic

William Friese-Greene

1889

 

54 mm

 

 

irregular perfs

spherical

 

 

 

 

Kinesigraph

Wordsworth Donisthorpe

1889

view of Trafalgar Square

68 mm

1.00?

 

unperforated

spherical

 

 

 

 

Kinetograph cylinder

William Dickson and Thomas Edison

1889 or 1890

Monkeyshines, No. 1

strip rolled around a cylinder

 

 

unperforated

spherical

strip rolled around a cylinder

 

 

spherical

Kinetoscope horizontal

William Dickson and William Heise

1891

Dickson Greeting

19 mm

 

 

1 perf, 1 side, horizontal

spherical

19 mm, horizontal

 

 

spherical

Silent film standard

William Dickson and Thomas Edison

1892

Blacksmithing Scene

35 mm

1.33

0.980" x 0.735"

4 perf, 2 sides

spherical

35 mm

1.33

0.931" x 0.698"

spherical

Bioskop

Max Skladanowsky

1892

footage of Emil Skladanowsky

54 mm

 

 

unperforated (camera); 4 perf, 2 sides (projection)

spherical

54 mm (two strips interleaved)

 

 

spherical

Acres 70

Birt Acres

1894

The Henley Royal Regatta of 1894

70 mm

1.38

2.750" x 2.000"

 

spherical

70 mm

 

 

spherical

Eidoloscope

Woodville Latham

1895

Griffo-Barnett Prize Fight

51 mm

1.85

1.457" x 0.787"

4 perf, 2 sides

spherical

51 mm

1.85

 

spherical

Cinematographe

Lumiere Brothers

1895

La Sortie des Usines Lumiere

35 mm

1.33

0.980" x 0.735"

1 perf, 2 sides (rounded)

spherical

35 mm

1.33

 

spherical

Biograph

Herman Casler

1895

Sparring Contest at Canastota

68 mm

1.35

2.625" x 1.938"

1 perf, 2 sides (punched in-camera)

spherical

68 mm

 

 

spherical

Joly-Normandin

Henri Joly

1895

 

60 mm

 

 

5 perf, 2 sides

spherical

60 mm

 

 

spherical

Biographe

Demeny-Gaumont

1896

 

60 mm

1.40

1.750" x. 1.250"

unperforated

spherical

60 mm

1.40

 

spherical

Chronophotographe

Demeny-Gaumont

1896

 

60 mm

1.40

1.750" x. 1.250"

4 perf, 2 sides

spherical

60 mm

1.40

 

spherical

Sivan-Dalphin

Casimir Sivan and E. Dalphin

1896

 

38 mm

 

 

 

spherical

38 mm

 

 

spherical

Veriscope

Enoch Rector

1897

Corbett-Fitzsimmons fight

63 mm

1.66

1.875" x 1.125"

5 perf, 2 sides

spherical

63 mm

 

 

spherical

Viventoscope

Thomas Henry Blair

1897

 

48 mm

1.50

1.500" x 1.000"

1 perf?

spherical

48 mm

 

 

spherical

Birtac

Birt Acres

1898

unknown (amateur format)

17.5 mm

 

 

2 perf, 1 side

spherical

17.5 mm

 

 

spherical

Biokam

T.C. Hepworth

1899

unknown (amateur format)

17.5 mm

1.60

0.630" x 0.394"

1 perf, center

spherical

17.5 mm

 

 

spherical

Prestwich 13 mm

John Alfred Prestwich

1899

unknown (amateur format)

13 mm

 

 

 

spherical

13 mm

 

 

spherical

Mirograph

Reulos, Goudeau & Co

1900

unknown (amateur format)

21 mm

 

 

1 notch, 2 sides

spherical

21 mm

 

 

spherical

Lumiere Wide

Lumiere Brothers

1900

 

75 mm

1.33

2.362" x 1.772"

8 perf, 2 sides

spherical

75 mm

1.33

 

spherical

Cineorama

Raoul Grimoin-Sanson

1900

Cineorama

70 mm x 10 cameras (360°)

 

 

4 perf?

spherical

70 mm x 10 projectors (360°)

 

 

spherical

La Petite (Hughes)

W.C. Hughes

1900

unknown (amateur format)

17.5 mm

1.60

0.630" x 0.394"

1 perf, center (smaller and less rectangular than Biokam)

spherical

17.5 mm

 

 

spherical

Pocket Chrono

Gaumont Demeny

1900

unknown (amateur format)

15 mm

 

 

1 perf, center

spherical

15 mm

 

 

spherical

Vitak

William Wardell

1902

unknown (amateur format)

no standard

no standard

no standard

1 perf, center

spherical

11 mm

 

 

spherical

Home Kinetoscope

Edison

1912

unknown (amateur format)

no standard

no standard

no standard

no standard

spherical

22 mm, 2 perf (on frameline between frame rows)

1.5

0.236" x 0.157" (three frames across width)

spherical

Pathe Kok

Pathe

1912

unknown (amateur format)

28 mm

1.36

0.748" x 0.551"

3 perf on one side, 1 perf on the other

spherical

28 mm

 

 

spherical

Duoscope

Alexander F. Victor

1912

unknown (amateur format)

17.5 mm

 

 

2 perfs, center

spherical

17.5 mm

 

 

spherical

Panoramico

Filoteo Alberini

1914

Il sacco di Roma

70 mm

2.52

 

5 perf, 2 sides

spherical

70 mm

 

 

spherical

Split Duplex

Duplex Corporation

1915

 

35 mm

1.33

0.980" x 0.735"

4 perf, 2 sides (shooting)

spherical

35 mm

1.87

0.735" x 0.394"

spherical (split image 90° rotated)

11 mm

(American)

1916

unknown (amateur format)

11 mm

 

 

1 perf, center

spherical

11 mm

 

 

spherical

Movette

Movette Camera Company

1917

unknown (amateur format)

17.5 mm

 

 

2 perfs, 2 sides (rounded)

spherical

17.5 mm

 

 

spherical

28 mm safety standard

Alexander Victor

1918

unknown (amateur format)

28 mm

1.36

0.748" x 0.551"

3 perf, 2 sides

spherical

28 mm

 

 

spherical

Clou

(Austrian)

1920

unknown (amateur format)

17.5 mm

 

 

2 perf, 2 sides

spherical

17.5 mm

 

 

spherical

26 mm

(French)

1920

unknown (amateur format)

26 mm

 

 

1 perf, 1 side

spherical

26 mm

 

 

spherical

9.5 mm

Pathe

1922

unknown (amateur format)

9.5 mm

1.31

0.335" x 0.256"

1 perf, center

spherical

9.5 mm

1.31

0.315" x 0.242"

spherical

Widescope

John D. Elms and George W. Bingham

1922

 

35 mm x 2 (both in same camera)

0.980" x 0.735"

1.33 x 2 negatives

4 perf, 2 sides

spherical (one lens per strip)

35 mm x 2 projectors

2.66

0.931" x 0.698"

spherical

Cinebloc

Ozaphan

1922

unknown (amateur format)

22 mm

 

 

2 perf, 2 sides

spherical

22 mm

 

 

spherical

Tri-Ergon soundfilm

Tri-Ergon

1922

 

35 mm

1.33

0.980" x 0.735"

4 perf, 2 sides

spherical

42 mm

1.33

0.931" x 0.698"

spherical

16 mm

Eastman Kodak

1923

unknown (amateur format)

16 mm

1.37

0.404" x 0.295"

1 perf, 1 or 2 sides

spherical

16 mm

1.37

0.378" x 0.276"

spherical

Duplex

G.J. Bradley

1923

unknown (amateur format)

11 mm

 

 

2 perf, 2 sides (rounded)

spherical

11.5 mm

 

 

spherical

Alberini-Hill

Corrado Cerqua

1924

 

35 mm

1.66

1.575" x 0.945" (curved)

10 perf, 2 sides, horizontal

spherical, on 65° revolving drum

35 mm

 

 

spherical

Cinelux

Ozaphan

1924

unknown (amateur format)

24 mm

 

 

 

spherical

24 mm

 

 

spherical

48 mm

J.H. Powrie

1924

 

48 mm

1.32

1.969" x 1.496"

horizontal

spherical

35 mm

1.33

0.931" x 0.698"

spherical

Natural Vision

George K. Spoor and P. John Berggren

1925

The American

63.5 mm

1.84

2.060" x 1.120"

6 perf, 2 sides, 20 fps

spherical

63.5 mm

2.00

 

spherical

13 mm

(French)

1925

unknown (amateur format)

13 mm

 

 

4 perf, center

spherical

13 mm

 

 

spherical

18 mm

(Russian)

1925

unknown (amateur format)

18 mm

 

 

1 perf, 2 sides

spherical

18 mm

 

 

spherical

Pathe Rural

Pathe

1926

unknown (amateur format)

17.5 mm

1.35 (silent); 1.30 (sound)

0.516" x 0.382" (silent); 0.445" x 0.343" (sound)

1 perf, 2 sides

spherical

17.5 mm

1.33 (silent); 1.26 (sound)

0.472" x 0.354" (silent); 0.445" x 0.343" (sound)

spherical

Widevision

John D. Elms and George W. Bingham

1926

Natural Vision Pictures

57 mm

 

 

5 perf, 2 sides

spherical

57 mm

 

 

spherical

Magnascope

Lorenzo del Riccio

1926

Old Ironsides

35 mm

1.33

0.980" x 0.735"

4 perf, 2 sides

spherical

35 mm

1.33

0.931" x 0.698"

spherical (selected scenes projected using a wider lens for larger picture)

Movietone

Lee De Forest

1927

As We Lie

35 mm

1.33?

0.980" x 0.735"?

4 perf, 2 sides

spherical

35 mm

1.17

0.826" x 0.708"

spherical

Polyvision

Abel Gance

1927

Napoléon

35 mm x 3 cameras

1.33 x 3 negatives

0.980" x 0.735"

4 perf, 2 sides

spherical

35 mm x 3 projectors

4.00

0.931" x 0.698"

spherical

Magnafilm

Lorenzo del Riccio

1929

You're in the Army Now

56 mm

2.19

1.620" x 0.740"

4 perf, 2 sides

spherical

56 mm

2.00

 

spherical

Hypergonar

Henri Chretien

1927

Pour construire un feu

35 mm

2.66

0.980" x 0.735"

4 perf, 2 sides

2x anamorphic

35 mm

2.66

0.931" x 0.698"

2x anamorphic

Grandeur

20th Century Fox

1929

Fox Grandeur News

70 mm

2.07

1.890" x 0.913"

4 perf, 2 sides, 20 fps (before 1930)

spherical

70 mm

2.00

1.768" x 0.885"

spherical

Fearless Super Pictures

Ralph G. Fear

1929

 

35 mm

2.27

1.813" x 0.800"

10 perfs, 2 sides, horizontal

spherical

35 mm, horizontal

 

 

spherical

Fearless Super-Film/Magnifilm

/Fox Vitascope

Ralph G. Fear

1930

Kismet

65 mm

2.00

1.811" x 0.906"

5 perf, 2 sides

spherical

65 mm

2.05

1.772" x 0.866"

spherical

Realife

MGM

1930

Billy the Kid

70 mm

2.07

1.890" x 0.913"

4 perf, 2 sides

spherical

35 mm

1.75

0.904" x 0.517"

spherical

50 mm

20th Century Fox and SMPE

1930

 

50 mm

1.80

1.325" x 0.735"

 

spherical

50 mm

1.80

1.305" x 0.725"

spherical

17 mm sound

(French)

1930

unknown (amateur format)

17 mm

 

 

1 perf, 1 side

spherical

17 mm

 

 

spherical

Giant Expanding Pictures

George Palmer

1930

 

35 mm

1.33

0.980" x 0.735"

4 perf, 2 sides

spherical

35 mm

1.17

0.826" x 0.708"

spherical (with a special projection zoom lens zooming wider and opening masking for key sequences)

Kodel Kemco Homovie

Clarence Ogden

1931

unknown (amateur format)

16 mm

 

4 sequential images per frame

1 perf, 2 sides

spherical

16 mm

 

 

spherical

Academy format

AMPAS

1932

 

35 mm

1.37

0.866" x 0.630"

4 perf, 2 sides

spherical

35 mm

1.37

0.825" x 0.602"

spherical

8 mm

Eastman Kodak

1932

unknown (amateur format)

16 mm

1.32

0.192" x 0.145"

1 perf, 1 side (using 16 mm film with twice as many perfs)

spherical

8 mm

1.33

0.172" x 0.129"

spherical

Straight 8

Bell and Howell

1935

unknown (amateur format)

8 mm

1.32

0.192" x 0.145"

1 perf, 1 side

spherical

8 mm

1.33

0.172" x 0.129"

spherical

Vitarama

Fred Waller

1939

 

16 mm x 11 cameras

1.37 x 11 negatives

0.404" x 0.295"

1 perf, 2 sides

spherical

16 mm x 11 projectors

hemispherical view

0.378" x 0.276"

spherical

Waller Flexible Gunnery Trainer

Fred Waller

1943

US Air Force interactive training exercise

35 mm x 5 cameras

1.37 x 5 negatives

0.866" x 0.630"

4 perf, 2 sides

spherical

35 mm x 5 projectors

hemispherical view

0.825" x 0.602"

spherical

Cinerama

Fred Waller

1952

This Is Cinerama

35 mm x 3 cameras

0.89 x 3 negatives

0.996" x 1.116"

6 perf, 2 sides at 26 fps

spherical

35 mm x 3 projectors, with 6 perf pulldown

2.59, with 146° curved screen

0.985" x 1.088"

spherical

Matted 1.66

Paramount

1953

Shane

35 mm

1.37

0.866" x 0.630"

4 perf, 2 sides

spherical

35 mm

1.66

0.825" x 0.497"

spherical

Matted 1.85

Universal

1953

Thunder Bay

35 mm

1.37

0.866" x 0.630"

4 perf, 2 sides

spherical

35 mm

1.85

0.825" x 0.446"

spherical

Matted 1.75

MGM

1953

Arena

35 mm

1.37

0.866" x 0.630"

4 perf, 2 sides

spherical

35 mm

1.75

0.825" x 0.471"

spherical

Cinemascope

20th Century Fox

1953

The Robe

35 mm

2.55 (1953-1957); 2.37 (1957-1967)

0.937" x 0.735" (1953-1957); 0.866" x 0.732" (1957-1967)

4 perf, 2 sides

2x anamorphic

35 mm

2.55 (1953-1957); 2.35 (1957-1967)

0.912" x 0.715" (1953-1957); 0.839" x 0.715" (1957-1967)

2x anamorphic

Arnoldscope

John Arnold

1953

 

35 mm

 

 

10 perf, 2 sides, horizontal

spherical

 

 

 

 

VistaVision

Paramount

1954

White Christmas

35 mm

1.51

1.495" x 0.991"

8 perf, 2 sides, horizontal

spherical

35 mm, 4 perf, vertical

1.85

0.825" x 0.446"

spherical

Superscope

Tushinsky Brothers

1954

Vera Cruz

35 mm

1.33

0.980" x 0.735"

4 perf, 2 sides

spherical

35 mm

2.00

0.715" x 0.715"

2x anamorphic

VistaVision Large Area

Paramount

1955

Strategic Air Command

35 mm

1.51

1.495" x 0.991"

8 perf, 2 sides, horizontal

spherical

35 mm, 8 perf, horizontal

1.96

1.418" x 0.723"

spherical

Circarama

Disney

1955

A Tour of the West

16 mm x 11 cameras

1.37 x 11 negatives

0.404" x 0.295"

1 perf, 2 sides

spherical

16 mm x 11 projectors

360°

0.378" x 0.276"

spherical

Todd A.O.[2]

Michael Todd

1955

Oklahoma!

65 mm

2.29

2.072" x 0.906"

5 perfs, 2 sides, at 30 fps

spherical

70 mm

2.21, with 120° curved screen

1.912" x 0.870"

spherical

Cinemascope 55

20th Century Fox

1955

Carousel

55 mm

2.55

1.824" x 1.430"

8 perfs, 2 sides

2x anamorphic

35 mm

2.55

0.912" x 0.715"

2x anamorphic

4.75 mm

Pathe

1955

unknown (amateur format)

9.5 mm

 

 

2 perf, 1 side (using 9.5 mm film with twice as many perfs)

spherical

4.75 mm

 

 

spherical, rotated 90°

Technirama

Technicolor

1956

The Monte Carlo Story

35 mm

2.26

1.496" x 0.992"

8 perf, 2 sides, horizontally

1.5x anamorphic

35 mm, 4 perf vertical

2.35

0.839" x 0.715"

2x anamorphic

Technirama Large Area

Technicolor

1956

The Monte Carlo Story

35 mm

2.26

1.496" x 0.992"

8 perf, 2 sides, horizontally

1.5x anamorphic

35 mm, 8 perf horizontal

1.421" x 0.881"

2.42

1.5x anamorphic

Dynamic Frame

Glenn Alvey

1956

The Door in the Wall

35 mm

1.3, 1.6, and 2.5

variable aperture plates

8 perf, 2 sides, horizontally

spherical

35 mm, 4 perf, vertical

1.3, 1.5, and 2.5

 

spherical

Superscope 235

Superscope Inc.

1956

Run for the Sun

35 mm

1.33

0.980" x 0.735"

4 perf, 2 sides

spherical

35 mm

2.35

0.839" x 0.715"

2x anamorphic

Thrillarama

Albert H. Reynolds

1956

Thrillarama Adventure

35 mm x 2 cameras

1.78 x 2 negatives

 

3 perf, 2 sides?

spherical

35 mm x 2 projectors

3.55, with a curved screen

 

spherical

Magirama

Abel Gance

1956

Magirama

35 mm x 3 cameras (sides bounced off of mirrors)

1.33 x 3 negatives

0.980" x 0.735"

4 perf, 2 sides

spherical

35 mm x 3 projectors (sides bounced off of mirrors)

4.00

0.931" x 0.698"

spherical

Ultra Panavision

Panavision

1957

Raintree County

65 mm

2.86

2.072" x 0.906"

5 perf, 2 sides

1.25x anamorphic

70 mm

2.76

1.912" x 0.870"

1.25x anamorphic

Modern anamorphic

Panavision

1957

Silk Stockings

35 mm

2.37

0.866" x 0.732"

4 perf, 2 sides

2x anamorphic

35 mm

2.35 (1957-1970); 2.39 (1970-present)

0.839" x 0.715" (1957-1970); 0.838" x 0.7" (1970-1993); 0.825" x 0.690" (1993-present)

2x anamorphic

Cinestage

Mike Todd

1957

Around the World in Eighty Days

65 mm

2.29

2.072" x 0.906"

5 perfs, 2 sides

spherical

35 mm (1 mm shaved off for UK prints)

2.12

0.912" x 0.675"

1.567x anamorphic

Rank VistaVision

J. Arthur Rank Organization

1957

 

35 mm

1.51

1.495" x 0.991"

8 perf, 2 sides, horizontally

spherical

35 mm, 4 perf, vertical

1.82

0.825" x 0.602"

1.33x anamorphic

Kinopanorama

NIKFI

1958

Great Is My Country

35 mm x 3 cameras

0.91 x 3 negatives

1.014" x 1.116"

6 perf, 2 sides, at 25 fps

spherical

35 mm x 3 projectors

2.72

0.985" x 1.088"

spherical

70 mm[2]

American Optical Company

1958

South Pacific

65 mm

2.28

2.066" x 0.906"

5 perfs, 2 sides

spherical

70 mm

2.21

1.912" x 0.87"

spherical

Cinemiracle

National Theatres

1958

Windjammer

35 mm x 3 cameras (sides bounced off of mirrors)

0.89 x 3 negatives

0.996" x 1.116"

6 perf, 2 sides at 26 fps

spherical

35 mm x 3 projectors (sides bounced off of mirrors), with 6 perf pulldown

2.59, with 120° curved screen

0.985" x 1.088"

spherical

Super Technirama

Technicolor

1959

Sleeping Beauty

35 mm

2.26

1.496" x 0.992"

8 perf, 2 sides, horizontally

1.5x anamorphic

70 mm

2.21

1.912" x 0.816"

spherical

Smith-Carney System

Rowe E. Carney Jr. and Tom F. Smith

1959

Missouri travelogue

35 mm

4.69

0.839" x 0.370" (bottom half) and 0.449" x 0.370" (top quarters)

4 perf, 2 sides

spherical x 3

35 mm

4.69

three sub-frames projected to one 180° image

spherical x 3

Circular Kinopanorama/Circlorama

 

E. Goldovsky

1959

The Path of Spring

35 mm x 11 cameras

1.37 x 11 negatives

0.866" x 0.630"

4 perf, 2 sides

spherical

35 mm x 11 projectors

360°

0.825" x 0.602"

spherical

Varioscope

Jan Jacobsen

1959

65 mm

2.28

2.066" x 0.906"

5 perfs, 2 sides

spherical

70 mm

variable framing run through control signal

1.912" x 0.87"

spherical

Techniscope

Technicolor

1960

The Pharaoh's Woman

35 mm

2.33

0.868" x 0.373"

2 perf, 2 sides

spherical

35 mm

2.39

0.838" x 0.7"

2x anamorphic

Wonderama (Arc 120)

Leon W. Wells

1960

Honeymoon

no standard

no standard

no standard

no standard

no standard

35 mm

2.50 with a 120° curved screen

0.931" x 0.698", with two half-images turned 90° and placed side-by-side

spherical x 2

Cine System 3

Eric Berndt

1960

USAF and NASA usage

3 mm

1 perf, centered

spherical

Grandeur 70

20th Century Fox

1961

The King and I (re-release)

55 mm

2.55

1.824" x 1.430"

8 perfs, 2 sides

2x anamorphic

70 mm

2.21

1.912" x 0.87"

spherical

Cinerama 360

Cinerama Corporation

1962

Journey to the Stars

65 mm

1.00 (circle)

2.25" diameter circular image

10 perf, 2 sides

spherical

70 mm

1.00 (circle)

2.25" diameter circular image

spherical

Super 8

Eastman Kodak

1965

unknown (amateur format)

8 mm

1.48

0.245" x 0.166"

1 perf, 1 side

spherical

8 mm

1.36

0.215" x 0.158"

spherical

Single-8

Fujifilm

1965

unknown (amateur format)

8 mm

1.36

0.224" x 0.164"

1 perf, 1 side

spherical

8 mm

1.35

0.213" x 0.157"

spherical

Real Sound

Kenner

1965

no standard

no standard

no standard

1 perf, 1 side

spherical

11.5 mm

1.33

0.172" x 0.129"

spherical

Double Super 8

Eastman Kodak

1965

unknown (amateur format)

16 mm

1.48

0.245" x 0.166"

1 perf, 1 side (using 16 mm film with twice as many perfs)

spherical

8 mm

1.36

0.215" x 0.158"

spherical

Dimension 150

American Optical Company

1966

The Bible

65 mm

2.28

2.066" x 0.906"

5 perfs, 2 sides

spherical

70 mm

2.21, with 150° curved screen

1.912" x 0.87", optically curved to compensate for the screen

spherical

Circle Vision 360

Disney

1967

America the Beautiful

35 mm x 9 cameras

1.37 x 9 negatives

0.866" x 0.630"

4 perf, 2 sides

spherical

35 mm x 9 projectors

360°

0.825" x 0.602"

spherical

Pik-a-Movie

Leon W. Wells

1972

no standard

no standard

no standard

no standard

no standard

70 mm, horizontal, 1 perf, 2 sides

1.48

0.245" x 0.166", 12 rows high, underneath 12 rows of optical sound

spherical

Astrovision

Goto Optical

1969

65 mm

10 perf, 2 sides

spherical or fish-eye

70 mm

fish-eye (dome projection)

IMAX

IMAX Corporation

1970

Tiger Child

70 mm

1.34

2.772" x 2.072"

15 perf, 2 sides, horizontally

spherical

70 mm, horizontal

1.31

2.692" x 2.056"

spherical

Super 16 mm film

Rune Ericson

1970

Blushing Charlie

16 mm

1.66

0.493" x 0.292"

1 perf, 1 side

spherical

no standard, but often blown up to 35 mm

no standard

0.463" x 0.279" (full frame); 0.463" x 0.251" (framed for 1.85)

spherical

8.75 mm

Chinese

1970?

unknown (amateur format)

8.75 mm

1 perf?

spherical

8.75 mm

spherical

OMNIMAX

IMAX Corporation

1973

Garden Isle

70 mm

1.34

2.772" x 2.072"

15 perf, 2 sides, horizontally

special fish-eye lenses optically centered 0.37" above film horizontal center line

70 mm, horizontal

1.31

2.692" x 2.056"

spherical, projected elliptically on a dome screen, 20 degrees below and 110 degrees above perfectly centered viewers

8/70 (Dynavision, Iwerks 870)

Dynavision

1973?

65 mm

1.37

2.031" x 1.484"

8 perf, 2 sides, 24 or 30 fps

spherical

70 mm

1.34

1.913" x 1.431"

spherical

Showscan

Douglas Trumbull

1978

Night of Dreams

65 mm

2.28

2.066" x 0.906"

5 perfs, 2 sides, at 60 fps

spherical

70 mm, at 60 fps

2.21

1.912" x 0.87"

spherical

Polavision

Polaroid

1978

unknown (amateur format)

8 mm

1.48

0.245" x 0.166"

1 perf, 1 side

spherical

8 mm

1.36

0.215" x 0.158"

spherical

Omnivision Cinema 180

Omni Films

1979

Crazy Wheels

65 mm

2.28

2.066" x 0.906"

5 perfs, 2 sides, 30 fps

fisheye

70 mm

180°, on a dome

1.912" x 0.87"

fisheye

Super 35

Joe Dunton

1982

Dance Craze

35 mm

1.33

0.980" x 0.735"

4 perf, 2 sides

spherical

35 mm

no standard

no standard

no standard

Circle Vision 200

Disney

1982

Impressions de France

35 mm x 5 cameras

1.37 x 5 negatives

0.866" x 0.630"

4 perf, 2 sides

spherical

35 mm x 5 projectors

6.85, on a 200° screen

0.825" x 0.602"

spherical

Swissorama 360/Imagine 360

Ernst A. Heiniger

1984

Impressions of Switzerland

65 mm

360°

1.91" (outer edge), 1.20" (inner edge)

10 perf, 2 sides

360° x 35° extreme fisheye

70 mm

360°

360° x 35° extreme fisheye

3-perf

Rune Ericson

1987

Pirates of the Lake

35 mm

1.79

0.980" x 0.546"

3 perf, 2 sides

spherical

35 mm

no standard

no standard

no standard

Super VistaVision

Paramount

1989

The Ten Commandments (re-release)

35 mm

1.51

1.495" x 0.991"

8 perf, 2 sides, horizontal

spherical

70 mm

2.21

1.912" x 0.87"

spherical

Kinoton HDFS

Kinoton

1990

no standard

no standard

no standard

no standard

no standard

35 mm

2.00

0.931" x 0.698"

1.5x anamorphic

IMAX Magic Carpet

IMAX Corporation

1990

Flowers in the Sky

70 mm x 2 cameras

1.34

2.772" x 2.072"

15 perf, 2 sides, horizontally

spherical

70 mm, horizontal x 2 projectors

1.31 x 2 screens (one in front, one below)

2.692" x 2.056"

spherical

Iwerksphere

Iwerks

1991

65 mm

1.37

2.031" x 1.484"

8 perf, 2 sides, 24 or 30 fps

fisheye

70 mm

1.34

1.913" x 1.431"

fisheye

IMAX HD

IMAX Corporation

1992

Asteroid Adventure

70 mm

1.34

2.772" x 2.072"

15 perf, 2 sides, horizontally, 48 fps

spherical

70 mm, horizontal

1.31

2.692" x 2.056"

spherical

Hexiplex

(Australian)

1992

Expo '92 demo

35 mm x 6 cameras

1.37 x 6 negatives

0.866" x 0.630"

4 perf, 2 sides

spherical

35 mm x 6 projectors

360°, with rotating screens and projectors

0.825" x 0.602"

spherical

Imagination FX 7012

Geo-Odyssey

1992?

35 mm

2.08

2.040" x 0.980"

12 perf, 2 sides, horizontal

spherical

70 mm

2.21

1.912" x 0.87"

spherical

Univisium

Vittorio Storaro

1998

Tango

35 mm

2.00

0.945" x 0.472"

3 perf, 2 sides at 25 fps

spherical

35 mm

2.00

spherical

Maxivision

Dean Goodhill

1999

35 mm

1.79

0.980" x 0.546"

3 perf, 2 sides

spherical

35 mm, 3 perf

1.85

spherical

Maxivision 48

Dean Goodhill

1999

35 mm

1.79

0.980" x 0.546"

3 perf, 2 sides, 48 fps

spherical

35 mm, 3 perf, 48 fps

1.85

spherical

Super Duper 8/Max 8/Super 8B

Mitch Perkins

2002

Sleep Always

8 mm

1.51

0.250" x 0.166"

1 perf, 1 side

spherical

8 mm

no standard

no standard

spherical

Super Dimension 70

Robert Weisgerber

2002

65 mm

2.28

2.066" x 0.906"

5 perfs, 2 sides, at 48 fps

spherical

70 mm, at 48 fps

2.21

1.912" x 0.87"

spherical

Futurevision 360

65 mm

1.52

2.066" x 0.906"

5 perfs, 2 sides, 30 fps

1.5x vertical anamorphic

70 mm

1.47

1.912" x 0.87"

1.5x vertical anamorphic

Mini-Max

Vistascope

35 mm

2.66

2 perf, 2 sides, 30 fps

spherical

35 mm

2.66

spherical

MotionMaster

Omni Films

65 mm

2.28

2.066" x 0.906"

5 perfs, 2 sides, 30 fps

spherical

70 mm

2.21, on a curved screen

1.912" x 0.87"

spherical

Quadravision

 ? mm x 4 cameras

 ? x 4 negatives

spherical

 ? mm x 4 projectors

 ? (4 images in 2x2 configuration)

spherical

Row-film

R. Thun

35 mm

20 rows of images wide

spherical

spherical

Septorama

 ? mm x 7 cameras

1.33 x 7 negatives

spherical

 ? mm x 7 projectors

hemispherical view

spherical

Single Cinerama

Fred Waller

35 mm

curved gate

16 perf, 2 sides, horizontal

spherical

35 mm, horizontal

curved screen

spherical

Soviet 10

65 mm

10 perf, 2 sides

2x anamorphic

70 mm

2.09

1.890" x 1.811"

2x anamorphic

Ultra Toruscope

35 mm x 3 cameras

1.37 x 3 negatives

0.866" x 0.630"

4 perf, 2 sides, at 30 fps

spherical

70 mm x 3 projectors, at 30 fps

360°

1.912" x 0.87"

spherical

Vario-35

35 mm

spherical

35 mm

variable framing run through control signal

0.835" x 0.713" (full); 0.835" x 0.453" (1.84); 0.709" x 0.524" (1.35); 0.614" x 0.614" (1.00); 0.535" x 0.713" (0.75)

spherical

Vario-35A

35 mm

35 mm

variable framing run through control signal

0.835" x 0.713"

variable anamorphic (2x for 2.35; 1.57x for 1.85; 1.17x for 1.37; 0.85x for 1.00; 0.64x for 0.75; 0.5x for 0.59)

Vario-70

65 mm

10 perfs, 2 sides

spherical

70 mm

variable framing run through control signal

1.890" x 1.811" (full); 1.890" x 0.803" (2.35); 1.673" x 0.906" (1.85); 1.441" x 1.051" (1.37); 1.232" x 1.232" (1.00); 1.063" x 1.429" (0.74); 0.945" x 1.604" (0.59); 0.839" x 1.811" (0.46)

spherical