Film formaten
Een woordje uitleg bij de verschillende
kolommen (waar nodig)
Met dank aan Wikipeda, waar ook de meeste links
naar verwijzen
Zie
ook hier voor meer uitleg en illustatiemateriaal
|
Creator |
Year Created |
First known work |
Negative gauge |
Negative aspect ratio[1] |
Gate dimensions |
Negative pulldown |
Negative lenses |
Projection gauge |
Projection aspect ratio[1] |
Projection dimensions |
Projection lenses |
|
|
1888 |
|
90 mm |
much less than 1.00 |
|
unperforated |
spherical |
|
|
|
|
||
|
1888 |
54 mm |
|
|
unperforated |
spherical |
54 mm |
|
|
spherical |
|||
|
1888 |
|
|
|
perforated |
spherical |
|
|
|
spherical |
|||
|
1889 |
|
54 mm |
|
|
irregular perfs |
spherical |
|
|
|
|
||
|
1889 |
view of Trafalgar Square |
68 mm |
1.00? |
|
unperforated |
spherical |
|
|
|
|
||
|
1889 or 1890 |
strip rolled around a cylinder |
|
|
unperforated |
spherical |
strip rolled around a cylinder |
|
|
spherical |
|||
|
1891 |
19 mm |
|
|
1 perf, 1 side, horizontal |
spherical |
19 mm, horizontal |
|
|
spherical |
|||
|
1892 |
35 mm |
1.33 |
0.980" x 0.735" |
4 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
35 mm |
1.33 |
0.931" x 0.698" |
spherical |
|||
|
1892 |
footage of Emil Skladanowsky |
54 mm |
|
|
unperforated (camera); 4 perf, 2 sides (projection) |
spherical |
54 mm (two strips interleaved) |
|
|
spherical |
||
|
1894 |
70 mm |
1.38 |
2.750" x 2.000" |
|
spherical |
70 mm |
|
|
spherical |
|||
|
1895 |
51 mm |
1.85 |
1.457" x 0.787" |
4 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
51 mm |
1.85 |
|
spherical |
|||
|
1895 |
35 mm |
1.33 |
0.980" x 0.735" |
1 perf, 2 sides (rounded) |
spherical |
35 mm |
1.33 |
|
spherical |
|||
|
1895 |
Sparring Contest at Canastota |
68 mm |
1.35 |
2.625" x 1.938" |
1 perf, 2 sides (punched in-camera) |
spherical |
68 mm |
|
|
spherical |
||
|
1895 |
|
60 mm |
|
|
5 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
60 mm |
|
|
spherical |
||
|
1896 |
|
60 mm |
1.40 |
1.750" x. 1.250" |
unperforated |
spherical |
60 mm |
1.40 |
|
spherical |
||
|
1896 |
|
60 mm |
1.40 |
1.750" x. 1.250" |
4 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
60 mm |
1.40 |
|
spherical |
||
|
1896 |
|
38 mm |
|
|
|
spherical |
38 mm |
|
|
spherical |
||
|
1897 |
Corbett-Fitzsimmons fight |
63 mm |
1.66 |
1.875" x 1.125" |
5 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
63 mm |
|
|
spherical |
||
|
1897 |
|
48 mm |
1.50 |
1.500" x 1.000" |
1 perf? |
spherical |
48 mm |
|
|
spherical |
||
|
1898 |
unknown (amateur format) |
17.5 mm |
|
|
2 perf, 1 side |
spherical |
17.5 mm |
|
|
spherical |
||
|
1899 |
unknown (amateur format) |
17.5 mm |
1.60 |
0.630" x 0.394" |
1 perf, center |
spherical |
17.5 mm |
|
|
spherical |
||
|
1899 |
unknown (amateur format) |
13 mm |
|
|
|
spherical |
13 mm |
|
|
spherical |
||
|
1900 |
unknown (amateur format) |
21 mm |
|
|
1 notch, 2 sides |
spherical |
21 mm |
|
|
spherical |
||
|
1900 |
|
75 mm |
1.33 |
2.362" x 1.772" |
8 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
75 mm |
1.33 |
|
spherical |
||
|
1900 |
70 mm x 10 cameras (360°) |
|
|
4 perf? |
spherical |
70 mm x 10 projectors (360°) |
|
|
spherical |
|||
|
1900 |
unknown (amateur format) |
17.5 mm |
1.60 |
0.630" x 0.394" |
1 perf, center (smaller and less rectangular than Biokam) |
spherical |
17.5 mm |
|
|
spherical |
||
|
1900 |
unknown (amateur format) |
15 mm |
|
|
1 perf, center |
spherical |
15 mm |
|
|
spherical |
||
|
1902 |
unknown (amateur format) |
no standard |
no standard |
no standard |
1 perf, center |
spherical |
11 mm |
|
|
spherical |
||
|
1912 |
unknown (amateur format) |
no standard |
no standard |
no standard |
no standard |
spherical |
22 mm, 2 perf (on frameline between frame rows) |
1.5 |
0.236" x 0.157" (three frames across width) |
spherical |
||
|
1912 |
unknown (amateur format) |
28 mm |
1.36 |
0.748" x 0.551" |
3 perf on one side, 1 perf on the other |
spherical |
28 mm |
|
|
spherical |
||
|
1912 |
unknown (amateur format) |
17.5 mm |
|
|
2 perfs, center |
spherical |
17.5 mm |
|
|
spherical |
||
|
1914 |
70 mm |
2.52 |
|
5 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
70 mm |
|
|
spherical |
|||
|
1915 |
|
35 mm |
1.33 |
0.980" x 0.735" |
4 perf, 2 sides (shooting) |
spherical |
35 mm |
1.87 |
0.735" x 0.394" |
spherical (split image 90° rotated) |
||
|
(American) |
1916 |
unknown (amateur format) |
11 mm |
|
|
1 perf, center |
spherical |
11 mm |
|
|
spherical |
|
|
1917 |
unknown (amateur format) |
17.5 mm |
|
|
2 perfs, 2 sides (rounded) |
spherical |
17.5 mm |
|
|
spherical |
||
|
1918 |
unknown (amateur format) |
28 mm |
1.36 |
0.748" x 0.551" |
3 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
28 mm |
|
|
spherical |
||
|
(Austrian) |
1920 |
unknown (amateur format) |
17.5 mm |
|
|
2 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
17.5 mm |
|
|
spherical |
|
|
(French) |
1920 |
unknown (amateur format) |
26 mm |
|
|
1 perf, 1 side |
spherical |
26 mm |
|
|
spherical |
|
|
1922 |
unknown (amateur format) |
9.5 mm |
1.31 |
0.335" x 0.256" |
1 perf, center |
spherical |
9.5 mm |
1.31 |
0.315" x 0.242" |
spherical |
||
|
1922 |
|
35 mm x 2 (both in same camera) |
0.980" x 0.735" |
1.33 x 2 negatives |
4 perf, 2 sides |
spherical (one lens per strip) |
35 mm x 2 projectors |
2.66 |
0.931" x 0.698" |
spherical |
||
|
1922 |
unknown (amateur format) |
22 mm |
|
|
2 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
22 mm |
|
|
spherical |
||
|
1922 |
|
35 mm |
1.33 |
0.980" x 0.735" |
4 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
42 mm |
1.33 |
0.931" x 0.698" |
spherical |
||
|
1923 |
unknown (amateur format) |
16 mm |
1.37 |
0.404" x 0.295" |
1 perf, 1 or 2 sides |
spherical |
16 mm |
1.37 |
0.378" x 0.276" |
spherical |
||
|
1923 |
unknown (amateur format) |
11 mm |
|
|
2 perf, 2 sides (rounded) |
spherical |
11.5 mm |
|
|
spherical |
||
|
1924 |
|
35 mm |
1.66 |
1.575" x 0.945" (curved) |
10 perf, 2 sides, horizontal |
spherical, on 65° revolving drum |
35 mm |
|
|
spherical |
||
|
1924 |
unknown (amateur format) |
24 mm |
|
|
|
spherical |
24 mm |
|
|
spherical |
||
|
1924 |
|
48 mm |
1.32 |
1.969" x 1.496" |
horizontal |
spherical |
35 mm |
1.33 |
0.931" x 0.698" |
spherical |
||
|
1925 |
63.5 mm |
1.84 |
2.060" x 1.120" |
6 perf, 2 sides, 20 fps |
spherical |
63.5 mm |
2.00 |
|
spherical |
|||
|
(French) |
1925 |
unknown (amateur format) |
13 mm |
|
|
4 perf, center |
spherical |
13 mm |
|
|
spherical |
|
|
(Russian) |
1925 |
unknown (amateur format) |
18 mm |
|
|
1 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
18 mm |
|
|
spherical |
|
|
1926 |
unknown (amateur format) |
17.5 mm |
1.35 (silent); 1.30 (sound) |
0.516" x 0.382" (silent); 0.445" x 0.343" (sound) |
1 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
17.5 mm |
1.33 (silent); 1.26 (sound) |
0.472" x 0.354" (silent); 0.445" x 0.343" (sound) |
spherical |
||
|
1926 |
57 mm |
|
|
5 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
57 mm |
|
|
spherical |
|||
|
1926 |
35 mm |
1.33 |
0.980" x 0.735" |
4 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
35 mm |
1.33 |
0.931" x 0.698" |
spherical (selected scenes projected using a wider lens for larger picture) |
|||
|
1927 |
35 mm |
1.33? |
0.980" x 0.735"? |
4 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
35 mm |
1.17 |
0.826" x 0.708" |
spherical |
|||
|
1927 |
35 mm x 3 cameras |
1.33 x 3 negatives |
0.980" x 0.735" |
4 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
35 mm x 3 projectors |
4.00 |
0.931" x 0.698" |
spherical |
|||
|
1929 |
56 mm |
2.19 |
1.620" x 0.740" |
4 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
56 mm |
2.00 |
|
spherical |
|||
|
1927 |
35 mm |
2.66 |
0.980" x 0.735" |
4 perf, 2 sides |
2x anamorphic |
35 mm |
2.66 |
0.931" x 0.698" |
2x anamorphic |
|||
|
1929 |
70 mm |
2.07 |
1.890" x 0.913" |
4 perf, 2 sides, 20 fps (before 1930) |
spherical |
70 mm |
2.00 |
1.768" x 0.885" |
spherical |
|||
|
1929 |
|
35 mm |
2.27 |
1.813" x 0.800" |
10 perfs, 2 sides, horizontal |
spherical |
35 mm, horizontal |
|
|
spherical |
||
|
1930 |
65 mm |
2.00 |
1.811" x 0.906" |
5 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
65 mm |
2.05 |
1.772" x 0.866" |
spherical |
|||
|
1930 |
70 mm |
2.07 |
1.890" x 0.913" |
4 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
35 mm |
1.75 |
0.904" x 0.517" |
spherical |
|||
|
20th Century Fox and SMPE |
1930 |
|
50 mm |
1.80 |
1.325" x 0.735" |
|
spherical |
50 mm |
1.80 |
1.305" x 0.725" |
spherical |
|
|
(French) |
1930 |
unknown (amateur format) |
17 mm |
|
|
1 perf, 1 side |
spherical |
17 mm |
|
|
spherical |
|
|
1930 |
|
35 mm |
1.33 |
0.980" x 0.735" |
4 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
35 mm |
1.17 |
0.826" x 0.708" |
spherical (with a special projection zoom lens zooming wider and opening masking for key sequences) |
||
|
1931 |
unknown (amateur format) |
16 mm |
|
4 sequential images per frame |
1 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
16 mm |
|
|
spherical |
||
|
1932 |
|
35 mm |
1.37 |
0.866" x 0.630" |
4 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
35 mm |
1.37 |
0.825" x 0.602" |
spherical |
||
|
1932 |
unknown (amateur format) |
16 mm |
1.32 |
0.192" x 0.145" |
1 perf, 1 side (using 16 mm film with twice as many perfs) |
spherical |
8 mm |
1.33 |
0.172" x 0.129" |
spherical |
||
|
1935 |
unknown (amateur format) |
8 mm |
1.32 |
0.192" x 0.145" |
1 perf, 1 side |
spherical |
8 mm |
1.33 |
0.172" x 0.129" |
spherical |
||
|
1939 |
|
16 mm x 11 cameras |
1.37 x 11 negatives |
0.404" x 0.295" |
1 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
16 mm x 11 projectors |
hemispherical view |
0.378" x 0.276" |
spherical |
||
|
1943 |
US Air Force interactive training exercise |
35 mm x 5 cameras |
1.37 x 5 negatives |
0.866" x 0.630" |
4 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
35 mm x 5 projectors |
hemispherical view |
0.825" x 0.602" |
spherical |
||
|
1952 |
35 mm x 3 cameras |
0.89 x 3 negatives |
0.996" x 1.116" |
6 perf, 2 sides at 26 fps |
spherical |
35 mm x 3 projectors, with 6 perf pulldown |
2.59, with 146° curved screen |
0.985" x 1.088" |
spherical |
|||
|
1953 |
35 mm |
1.37 |
0.866" x 0.630" |
4 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
35 mm |
1.66 |
0.825" x 0.497" |
spherical |
|||
|
1953 |
35 mm |
1.37 |
0.866" x 0.630" |
4 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
35 mm |
1.85 |
0.825" x 0.446" |
spherical |
|||
|
1953 |
35 mm |
1.37 |
0.866" x 0.630" |
4 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
35 mm |
1.75 |
0.825" x 0.471" |
spherical |
|||
|
1953 |
35 mm |
2.55 (1953-1957); 2.37 (1957-1967) |
0.937" x 0.735" (1953-1957); 0.866" x 0.732" (1957-1967) |
4 perf, 2 sides |
2x anamorphic |
35 mm |
2.55 (1953-1957); 2.35 (1957-1967) |
0.912" x 0.715" (1953-1957); 0.839" x 0.715" (1957-1967) |
2x anamorphic |
|||
|
1953 |
|
35 mm |
|
|
10 perf, 2 sides, horizontal |
spherical |
|
|
|
|
||
|
1954 |
35 mm |
1.51 |
1.495" x 0.991" |
8 perf, 2 sides, horizontal |
spherical |
35 mm, 4 perf, vertical |
1.85 |
0.825" x 0.446" |
spherical |
|||
|
1954 |
35 mm |
1.33 |
0.980" x 0.735" |
4 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
35 mm |
2.00 |
0.715" x 0.715" |
2x anamorphic |
|||
|
1955 |
35 mm |
1.51 |
1.495" x 0.991" |
8 perf, 2 sides, horizontal |
spherical |
35 mm, 8 perf, horizontal |
1.96 |
1.418" x 0.723" |
spherical |
|||
|
1955 |
16 mm x 11 cameras |
1.37 x 11 negatives |
0.404" x 0.295" |
1 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
16 mm x 11 projectors |
360° |
0.378" x 0.276" |
spherical |
|||
|
1955 |
65 mm |
2.29 |
2.072" x 0.906" |
5 perfs, 2 sides, at 30 fps |
spherical |
70 mm |
2.21, with 120° curved screen |
1.912" x 0.870" |
spherical |
|||
|
1955 |
55 mm |
2.55 |
1.824" x 1.430" |
8 perfs, 2 sides |
2x anamorphic |
35 mm |
2.55 |
0.912" x 0.715" |
2x anamorphic |
|||
|
1955 |
unknown (amateur format) |
9.5 mm |
|
|
2 perf, 1 side (using 9.5 mm film with twice as many perfs) |
spherical |
4.75 mm |
|
|
spherical, rotated 90° |
||
|
1956 |
35 mm |
2.26 |
1.496" x 0.992" |
8 perf, 2 sides, horizontally |
1.5x anamorphic |
35 mm, 4 perf vertical |
2.35 |
0.839" x 0.715" |
2x anamorphic |
|||
|
1956 |
35 mm |
2.26 |
1.496" x 0.992" |
8 perf, 2 sides, horizontally |
1.5x anamorphic |
35 mm, 8 perf horizontal |
1.421" x 0.881" |
2.42 |
1.5x anamorphic |
|||
|
1956 |
35 mm |
1.3, 1.6, and 2.5 |
variable aperture plates |
8 perf, 2 sides, horizontally |
spherical |
35 mm, 4 perf, vertical |
1.3, 1.5, and 2.5 |
|
spherical |
|||
|
1956 |
35 mm |
1.33 |
0.980" x 0.735" |
4 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
35 mm |
2.35 |
0.839" x 0.715" |
2x anamorphic |
|||
|
Albert H. Reynolds |
1956 |
35 mm x 2 cameras |
1.78 x 2 negatives |
|
3 perf, 2 sides? |
spherical |
35 mm x 2 projectors |
3.55, with a curved screen |
|
spherical |
||
|
1956 |
35 mm x 3 cameras (sides bounced off of mirrors) |
1.33 x 3 negatives |
0.980" x 0.735" |
4 perf, 2 sides |
spherical |
35 mm x 3 projectors (sides bounced off of mirrors) |
4.00 |
0.931" x 0.698" |
spherical |
|||
|
1957 |
65 mm |
2.86 |
2.072" x 0.906" |
5 perf, 2 sides |
1.25x anamorphic |
70 mm |
2.76 |
1.912" x 0.870" |
1.25x anamorphic |
|||
|
1957 |
35 mm |
2.37 |
0.866" x 0.732" |
4 perf, 2 sides |
2x anamorphic |
35 mm |
2.35 (1957-1970); 2.39 (1970-present) |
0.839" x 0.715" (1957-1970); 0.838" x 0.7" (1970-1993); 0.825" x 0.690" (1993-present) |
2x anamorphic |
|||
|
1957 |
65 mm |
2.29 |
2.072" x 0.906" |
5 perfs, 2 sides |
spherical |
35 mm (1 mm shaved off for UK prints) |
2.12 |
0.912" x 0.675" |
1.567x anamorphic |
|||
|
1957 |
|
35 mm |
1.51 |
1.495" x 0.991" |
8 perf, 2 sides, horizontally |
spherical |
35 mm, 4 perf, vertical |
1.82 |
0.825" x 0.602" |
1.33x anamorphic |
||
|
1958 |
35 mm x 3 cameras |
0.91 x 3 negatives |
1.014" x 1.116" |
6 perf, 2 sides, at 25 fps |
spherical |
35 mm x 3 projectors |
2.72 |
0.985" x 1.088" |
spherical |
|||
|
1958 |
65 mm |
2.28 |
2.066" x 0.906" |
5 perfs, 2 sides |
spherical |
70 mm |
2.21 |
1.912" x 0.87" |
spherical |
|||
|
1958 |
35 mm x 3 cameras (sides bounced off of mirrors) |
0.89 x 3 negatives |
0.996" x 1.116" |
6 perf, 2 sides at 26 fps |
spherical |
35 mm x 3 projectors (sides bounced off of mirrors), with 6 perf pulldown |
2.59, with 120° curved screen |
0.985" x 1.088" |
spherical |
|||
|
1959 |
35 mm |
2.26 |
1.496" x 0.992" |
8 perf, 2 sides, horizontally |
1.5x anamorphic |
70 mm |
2.21 |
1.912" x 0.816" |
spherical |
|||
|
Rowe E. Carney Jr. and Tom F. Smith |
1959 |
Missouri travelogue |
35 mm |
4.69 |
0.839" x 0.370" (bottom half) and 0.449" x 0.370" (top quarters) |
4 perf, 2 sides |
spherical x 3 |
35 mm |
4.69 |
three sub-frames projected to one 180° image |
spherical x 3 |
|
|
Circular Kinopanorama/Circlorama
|
||||||||||||
|
0.931" x 0.698", with two half-images turned 90° and placed side-by-side |
||||||||||||
|
1.912" x 0.87", optically curved to compensate for the screen |
||||||||||||
|
0.245" x 0.166", 12 rows high, underneath 12 rows of optical sound |
||||||||||||
|
0.463" x 0.279" (full frame); 0.463" x 0.251" (framed for 1.85) |
||||||||||||
|
special fish-eye lenses optically centered 0.37" above film horizontal center line |
||||||||||||